Helmand (AFGHANISTAN)Civilization: A Cradle of Bronze Age Culture The Helmand Civilization (c. 3300–2350 BCE) stands as a monumental chapter in the history of ancient Afghanistan, flourishing in the fertile Helmand River valley---the very heart of Greater Kandahar. This civilization, spanning more than 5000 years from its inception to today (5324 years from 3300 BCE to 2025 CE), reflects the ingenuity and resilience of early urban societies. The Cradle of Cities: Mundigak and Shahr-i Sokhta The Helmand Civilization emerged as one of the earliest urban centers of the Bronze Age. The cities of Mundigak (Kandahar, Afghanistan) and Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan) exemplified advanced social and architectural development: Mundigak: Situated 55 km northwest of Kandahar, this prehistoric town thrived through four key developmental periods (~5000-4000–2400 BCE (7000-6000 years ago). Its nine-meter-high mound revealed temples, palaces, and evolving urban landscapes, reflecting a society adept in b...
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